Why doesn't more spending deliver better services?
Which incentives and accountability mechanisms determine whether public spending produces useful results?
What’s at stake
A spending total tells us what government puts in, not what residents receive. Across the examples, the recurring problem is a weak connection between funding, responsibility and results. The solution depends on diagnosing whether money is stolen, spent inefficiently or committed to a program that does not work.
The ideas that connect
Waste is broader than fraud
Buttigieg’s distinction between fraud and cost escalation matters when assessing Mahan’s account of delayed projects. Money can pass through legitimate contracts and still deliver poor value. Treating every bad result as theft obscures the mechanism and the remedy. An audit of wrongdoing and a review of unnecessary procedures answer different questions; both can matter without being the same investigation.
Supporting passages
2025-10-30
We see cost escalations on a lot of projects. So it's not, you know, it's not the same as fraud. I mean, that's the like under one percent, but it's still a huge waste. If you have a project cost one percent or 10 percent or some case, sometimes 100 percent more than it should, right? I mean, by definition, every penny it takes to build something more than what it was actually required is wasted. And I do think there's a lot of that. I think government gets in its own way with procedure.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
2026-03-23
So there is a real lack of accountability in government. We don't have a money problem in Sacramento. We have an incentives problem. We have a structure that allows us to keep shoveling more money into things that aren't working. Just take high-speed rail. If a startup took 20 years, spent $14 billion and didn't deliver a product, people would have been fired a long time ago. And we're just not seeing that level of accountability in our state government.
Is this theft? Where does the money go? $14 billion. Who has that $14 billion today?
It's contractors, it's lawyers. Some of it has gone into actually building the project. But belatedly, what happens in California, and the reason we can't build, we can't do big things anymore, is that we've got endless process, years of environmental review, the most litigious environment imaginable, anybody can sue under CEQA. You don't even have to be a resident of California to sue under CEQA. And so you just get years of litigation, bureaucracy. When it comes to housing, just to slightly switch topics, the fees that cities can assess, one-time fees can add 20% to the cost of a project. So we've just, we've bureaucratized the state to the point where it's total paralysis.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
Process can become the product
Environmental review, litigation and consulting can consume time and money while a useful project remains unfinished. The problem is not that every step has no purpose. It is that no one may be accountable for their combined effect on delivery. The transportation and California examples converge on this point: a system can satisfy its procedures while failing the people waiting for the result.
Supporting passages
2025-10-30
We see cost escalations on a lot of projects. So it's not, you know, it's not the same as fraud. I mean, that's the like under one percent, but it's still a huge waste. If you have a project cost one percent or 10 percent or some case, sometimes 100 percent more than it should, right? I mean, by definition, every penny it takes to build something more than what it was actually required is wasted. And I do think there's a lot of that. I think government gets in its own way with procedure.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
2026-03-23
So there is a real lack of accountability in government. We don't have a money problem in Sacramento. We have an incentives problem. We have a structure that allows us to keep shoveling more money into things that aren't working. Just take high-speed rail. If a startup took 20 years, spent $14 billion and didn't deliver a product, people would have been fired a long time ago. And we're just not seeing that level of accountability in our state government.
Is this theft? Where does the money go? $14 billion. Who has that $14 billion today?
It's contractors, it's lawyers. Some of it has gone into actually building the project. But belatedly, what happens in California, and the reason we can't build, we can't do big things anymore, is that we've got endless process, years of environmental review, the most litigious environment imaginable, anybody can sue under CEQA. You don't even have to be a resident of California to sue under CEQA. And so you just get years of litigation, bureaucracy. When it comes to housing, just to slightly switch topics, the fees that cities can assess, one-time fees can add 20% to the cost of a project. So we've just, we've bureaucratized the state to the point where it's total paralysis.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
Budget comparisons should lead to service questions
The recurring state comparisons ask why higher spending does not visibly produce better services. That is a useful starting question, not a complete diagnosis: places differ in costs and responsibilities. Mahan’s incentives argument points toward a more actionable test—identify which program is failing, who owns its outcome and what changes when it misses the target.
Supporting passages
2026-07-03
If you just look at the budget per person, places like Texas and Florida spend about $5,000 per citizen on services, if you divide the budget by the population, and then you look at New York City, it's close to $13,000, and you look at California, close to $9,000, and you simply do not get two or two and a half times or two point X times the value living in those states in terms of services.
The problems are all worse.
And it's competence, yes, it's worse.
The problems are worse.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
2026-03-23
So there is a real lack of accountability in government. We don't have a money problem in Sacramento. We have an incentives problem. We have a structure that allows us to keep shoveling more money into things that aren't working. Just take high-speed rail. If a startup took 20 years, spent $14 billion and didn't deliver a product, people would have been fired a long time ago. And we're just not seeing that level of accountability in our state government.
Is this theft? Where does the money go? $14 billion. Who has that $14 billion today?
It's contractors, it's lawyers. Some of it has gone into actually building the project. But belatedly, what happens in California, and the reason we can't build, we can't do big things anymore, is that we've got endless process, years of environmental review, the most litigious environment imaginable, anybody can sue under CEQA. You don't even have to be a resident of California to sue under CEQA. And so you just get years of litigation, bureaucracy. When it comes to housing, just to slightly switch topics, the fees that cities can assess, one-time fees can add 20% to the cost of a project. So we've just, we've bureaucratized the state to the point where it's total paralysis.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
Reform has to survive its own disruption
Rapid cuts can lose public support if people experience them as damaged services rather than improved government. Dalio’s institutional argument complements the delivery critique: changing incentives requires political durability as well as executive speed. A reform that cannot explain its benefits or distinguish essential functions from waste may be reversed before better performance appears.
Supporting passages
2026-03-03
Yeah, you're talking about taking an inefficient government, and making it efficient, okay? And having to do it quick, because there are elections, and if people don't like it, then, you know, you lose your mandate. And in a society in which no matter what you do, you're criticized and torn down. So, you know, we have the fact of the question of does democracy and our system lend itself toward the sort of executive leadership that both makes it efficient and makes it acceptable for all people? You know, there was a lot of cutbacks, you know, things like school lunch programs and things, you know, and then trying to do it surgically. So it's, how do you do that effectively, quickly, in a manner that doesn't cause so much controversy that the government falls?
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
2025-10-30
We see cost escalations on a lot of projects. So it's not, you know, it's not the same as fraud. I mean, that's the like under one percent, but it's still a huge waste. If you have a project cost one percent or 10 percent or some case, sometimes 100 percent more than it should, right? I mean, by definition, every penny it takes to build something more than what it was actually required is wasted. And I do think there's a lot of that. I think government gets in its own way with procedure.
Open the source and seek to the timestamp above.
What remains unresolved
What changed in cost, completion time and service quality? Separate savings on paper from durable improvements residents can experience.
A selected guide · September 2025–September 4, 2026 · Sources and method